India has made an unusual request to its state-run oil refiners and the private sector giant, Reliance Industries Ltd., to come together to negotiate a long-term oil supply agreement with Russia. This initiative aims to secure at least a third of their oil supply from Russia at a fixed discount, which could help protect the Indian economy from the volatile oil prices that affect global markets. The government's strategy reflects a proactive approach to leverage collective bargaining power to ensure more stable and cost-effective energy resources amid rising geopolitical tensions .

However, the collaboration faces significant challenges, primarily due to competitive dynamics within the domestic market. Reliance Industries, operating independently from state refiners like Indian Oil Corp., Bharat Petroleum Corp., and Hindustan Petroleum Corp., is hesitant to share sensitive market information with its competitors. This reluctance could potentially hinder the government's efforts to foster a unified front in negotiations with Russia, complicating the process of securing favorable terms .

The backdrop to this development is the increased intake of Russian oil by Indian refiners following the imposition of Western sanctions on Russia due to its actions in Ukraine. These sanctions have led to discounted Russian oil prices, prompting a shift in India's oil import strategy. Despite the discounts, the complexities of international trade and sanctions have posed challenges for India, which has traditionally relied on oil imports from the Middle East ,[4]].

This strategic move by the Indian government not only aims to secure a reliable and economically viable supply of oil but also attempts to navigate the intricate geopolitical landscape that impacts global oil markets. The success of this collective negotiation could set a precedent for how countries engage with major oil suppliers amid international tensions and market fluctuations.