China has proposed export restrictions on 12 technologies linked to solar energy manufacturing, citing national security and strategic interests. The proposal from China’s commerce and science ministries is part of a wider plan to tighten controls on 40 advanced technologies, including those used in artificial intelligence and biomedicine.

The proposed measures cover engineering technologies used across the solar photovoltaic supply chain, particularly polysilicon production. Polysilicon is a key raw material for solar cells and modules, while China has developed a dominant position in several stages of global solar manufacturing. This has left many countries dependent on Chinese technology, machinery and equipment.

The restrictions could create challenges for India’s efforts to build domestic solar manufacturing capacity. Indian manufacturers rely significantly on Chinese suppliers for machinery, production equipment and essential components needed to establish and expand large-scale facilities. If implemented, the controls could make advanced manufacturing technologies harder to obtain and delay the development and commissioning of planned projects.

Earlier this year, the Indian government eased some rules governing Chinese investment to support cooperation between companies in strategic manufacturing segments. The initiative was intended to encourage joint ventures and technology partnerships covering polysilicon and silicon wafer production. Such arrangements were expected to help India develop a more integrated manufacturing ecosystem and reduce reliance on imported materials and equipment.

China’s proposal could introduce uncertainty into these planned collaborations by limiting technology transfers and access to specialised production expertise. It could also affect India’s progress in next-generation solar technologies. Indian manufacturers are expanding established technologies such as tunnel oxide passivated contact and passivated emitter and rear cell solar cells, while perovskite and tandem cells are receiving global attention for their potential to improve conversion efficiency.

Restrictions affecting advanced solar technologies could make it harder for Indian companies to adopt newer production methods and widen the technology gap with Chinese manufacturers. The development highlights the importance of domestic research, alternative technology partnerships and investment in advanced manufacturing capabilities as India seeks a more self-reliant solar industry.