Electricity is a concurrent subject and supply and distribution remain the responsibility of State Governments and distribution utilities. The Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020 require distribution licensees to supply 24x7 power to all consumers while commissions may specify lower hours for some categories. The Ministry of Power outlined initiatives to achieve uninterrupted supply nationwide.

Since 2014, 296,388 MW of generation capacity has been added and total installed generation reached 520,511 MW by January 2026. Transmission additions include 212,325 circuit kilometre of lines and inter regional capacity additions of 84,390 MW, while renewable energy capacity commissioned stood at around 263 GW. The national grid and intra state transmission are being strengthened to integrate growing renewable capacity.

In distribution, projects worth Rs 1.85 tn were executed under DDUGJY, SAUBHAGYA and IPDS, adding substations, upgrading existing stations, installing 696,302 distribution transformers, separating 7,833 feeders and adding or upgrading 840,000 circuit kilometre of HT and LT lines. The schemes closed on 31 March 2022. Under the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme, Rs 2.83 tn has been sanctioned for loss reduction and smart metering linked to state performance, and AT&C losses fell from 21.91 per cent in FY21 to 15.04 per cent in FY25.

Availability of supply in rural areas rose from 12.5 hours in FY2015 to 22.6 hours in FY2025 while urban availability reached 23.6 hours in FY2025. The National Electricity Plan projects expansion of the 220 kV and above network to 648,000 circuit kilometre with transformation capacity rising to 2,345 Giga Volt Ampere (GVA) by 2031–32 and inter regional transmission capacity planned to increase from 120 GW in January 2026 to 168 GW by 2032. The Ministry is administering a viability gap funding scheme for 13,850 MWh of battery energy storage system (BESS) capacity with budgetary support of Rs 37.6 bn and has approved support for 30 GWh through the Power System Development Fund, with advanced Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices and synchronous condensers to address dynamic grid needs.