The Indian real-estate and construction sector, which employs a significant number of organised and unorganised workers in the country, has embarked on a paradigm shift in its regulatory framework from an employment law perspective. With the four Labour Codes – the Code on Wages, 2019 (Wage Code); the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (IR Code); the Code on Social Security, 2020 (SS Code) and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (OSH Code) – coming into effect in India from November 21, 2025, the industry is shifting away from a fragmented, contractor- driven compliance environment to a consolidated and standardised framework. 

The new Codes and consequent transition have major implications for developers and contractors, as they reshape cost structures, redistribute risk and alter labour management practices....

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