The Union Budget for 2026-27 emphasises consolidation and public investment as the basis for sustainable growth. Capital expenditure is set at Rs 12.2 trillion (Rs 12.2 tn), underscoring infrastructure priorities that will shape movement of goods and people. The government expects capex to rise by 11.5 per cent year on year while maintaining fiscal discipline.

The services sector receives a clear push with a target of 10 per cent of global services by 2047 and measures across IT, tourism, education and health. Tax and regulatory incentives include extended support for cloud services and a rationalised safe harbour regime, with thresholds rising from Rs 300 crore to Rs 2,000 crore, equivalent to Rs 3 billion (Rs 3 bn) and Rs 20 billion (Rs 20 bn). Skills and tourism interventions include a pilot to upskill 10,000 tourist guides and plans for university townships.

Manufacturing initiatives span semiconductors, electronics and chemical parks, and the electronics components scheme is being expanded from Rs 23,000 crore to Rs 40,000 crore, or about Rs 230 billion (Rs 230 bn) to Rs 400 billion (Rs 400 bn). An SME Growth Fund of Rs 10,000 crore, representing Rs 100 billion (Rs 100 bn), and linked liquidity measures aim to bolster smaller enterprises. Proposals for textile clusters, container manufacturing and legacy cluster revival signal an inclusive industrial approach.

Financial sector measures include a high level committee on banking, reforms for corporate bond markets and a review of foreign exchange rules to attract capital. Fiscal consolidation remains central, with the fiscal deficit targeted at four point three per cent of GDP and the Centre’s debt to GDP projected to fall to 55.6 per cent. Elevated dividend and monetisation targets accompany a projected tax buoyancy of zero point eight.

Transport, energy and urbanisation plans envisage new freight corridors, operationalisation of 20 national waterways and schemes for carbon capture and long term energy security. The Budget balances revenue expenditure rationalisation with capex momentum to improve spending quality. Implementation will determine whether these policy signals translate into durable private sector response.