Over the past one decade India has pursued an ambitious agenda of modern free trade agreements, redrawing its global trade engagement and delivering a new generation of comprehensive accords. The government has steadily expanded its network to nine free trade agreements (FTAs) spanning 38 countries, with pacts moving from India–Mauritius in 2021 to the India–EU FTA announced on 27 January 2026 and an interim framework with the United States agreed on 7 February 2026. Major milestones included implementation of the India–Australia Economic and Trade Agreement in December 2022, entry into force of the EFTA trade and economic partnership agreement on 1 October 2025, and signatures with the United Kingdom and Oman in 2025.

Each agreement has been framed to reflect the scale of India's market and its economic potential, addressing the needs of one point four billion (bn) Indians while protecting national priorities. The accords are intended to open developed markets for farmers and to enhance competitiveness for entrepreneurs and women-led micro, small and medium enterprises exporting garments, leather and handicrafts. Sensitive sectors have been identified and safeguards have been incorporated to secure dairy, agriculture and domestic industry.

The instruments also seek to improve mobility and opportunities for students, IT professionals and other skilled service providers through clearer pathways, post-study work visas and social security arrangements. Attention has been given to trade in digital services, including enabling technologies such as artificial intelligence, and to traditional wellness, organic produce and AYUSH systems. Promotion of these sectors is expected to catalyse investment and deepen economic linkages with partner countries.

Negotiations have been presented as balanced and aligned with the objective of an atmanirbhar bharat, combining openness with protections for vulnerable stakeholders and market access commitments. The government has positioned the FTAs as a tool for structural transformation that will support jobs, exports and the strategic ambition of Viksit Bharat by 2047. A detailed summary and key highlights have been published by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.