The central government has granted 'in-principle' approval for establishing 21 new greenfield airports, with 12 of them already operational, as reported in the Lok Sabha.

The Greenfield Airports (GFA) Policy of 2008 guides the development of such airports in India. Under this policy, developers, including state governments, must identify suitable sites and conduct pre-feasibility studies. Following this, proposals are submitted to the central government for 'site clearance' and subsequently for 'in-principle' approval.

Airports Authority of India (AAI) and other operators are engaged in a continuous process of airport expansion, including upgrades and modernization, based on operational demands, traffic, commercial feasibility, etc. AAI's capital expenditure plan, spanning over Rs 980 billion, includes around Rs 250 Billion allocated for 2019-24. This investment is focused on the development, upgradation, and modernization of existing brownfield airports as well as the creation of greenfield airports to meet escalating demands.

The upgradation initiatives involve constructing terminal buildings, ATC tower-cum-technical blocks, expanding civil enclaves, extending and re-carpeting runways, establishing aprons, and parking bays, and improving associated infrastructure.

To enhance regional air connectivity from underserved airports, the Ministry of Civil Aviation launched the Ude Desh ka Aam Nagarik (UDAN-RCS) scheme in October 2016, making air travel more affordable.

Airport upgrades must adhere to international standards set by organizations like the International Civil Aviation Organization and International Air Transport Association. These improvements are undertaken by AAI and airport operators while considering commercial aspects, traveller requirements, land conditions, and airline preferences.

Designating an airport as international hinges on factors like traffic potential, airline demand for international flights, and bilateral air services agreements. This also involves providing ground lighting facilities, instrument landing systems, suitable runway lengths, immigration, and quarantine services. Currently, India hosts 30 international airports.