In a key move to enhance safety and operational reliability, South Western Railway (SWR) will install an advanced Tunnel Radio Communication System in the Castle Rock–Kulem section of the Braganza Ghats, located on the Karnataka–Goa border in the ecologically sensitive Western Ghats.

This 26-kilometre stretch, cutting through a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is known for its dense forests, 1-in-37 ruling gradient, and the picturesque Dudhsagar Falls. Despite its scenic beauty, the region poses serious operational challenges due to the lack of road access and persistent radio blackouts across 16 tunnels, affecting both railway staff and tourist services.

SWR’s new communication system will integrate four key railway communication channels — VHF, Locotrol, GSM-R, and LTE-R — into every tunnel using a robust network of optical-fibre backbones, high-gain repeaters, and leaky-feeder cables. The Rs 12.21 crore project (approximately Rs 122 million) is scheduled for completion by October 2025.

“This will ensure seamless communication between loco pilots, guards, station masters, and control rooms even inside tunnels,” said Manjunath Kanmadi, Chief Public Relations Officer, SWR. “It will significantly enhance safety, allow quicker emergency response, and support maintenance operations in this remote stretch.”

The technology mirrors international best practices. For instance, the UK’s Crossrail (Elizabeth Line) uses leaky-feeder systems and GSM-R for tunnel communication, while Japan’s Shinkansen network has adopted LTE-R and 5G to achieve high-speed, low-latency train control. London Underground also employs leaky-feeder antennas for uninterrupted radio coverage.

Officials note that this implementation will particularly improve coordination between lead and banking locomotives on the region’s steep gradients. It will also enhance safety for passengers and provide railway staff with a more secure and responsive environment, further aligning Indian Railways with global standards in tunnel operations.

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