A research team from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bhubaneswar has developed a solar-powered microwave pyrolysis reactor designed to recover valuable resources from both segregated and mixed waste materials, including biomass and plastics. The reactor utilises microwave-assisted pyrolysis to swiftly convert waste into valuable products, such as highly porous carbonaceous material (biochar) and bio-oil, depending on the feedstock and operating conditions, according to the institute.

The institute explained that pyrolysis involves heating organic material, like biomass, in the absence of oxygen. Current solid waste management practices largely rely on incineration, biogas plants, or landfill disposal, which offer limited recycling opportunities. While incineration is an alternative to landfilling, it often results in significant environmental pollution through the release of toxic gases and ash.

The statement from IIT Bhubaneswar's School of Infrastructure highlighted that the microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology they have developed presents a promising solution to these challenges. Remya Neelancherry, the lead researcher, stated that the technology produces valuable end products, such as biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, in a very short time, addressing the urgent need for sustainable waste management.

Neelancherry further mentioned that the research at IIT Bhubaneswar is focused on exploring the feasibility and applicability of these products across various sectors, including agriculture, transportation, and energy production. The researcher added that this environmentally friendly technology can be implemented by municipalities and industries in various urban locations, offering significant revenue generation potential with minimal pollution compared to incineration and other conventional waste management techniques. The technology can be implemented using either a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor, depending on specific waste management needs.