The Government of India has underscored the growing role of solar-based water supply schemes under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), as states continue to plan and implement drinking water projects using renewable energy solutions. While drinking water remains a state subject, the Centre supports states through technical guidance and financial assistance to strengthen sustainable rural water infrastructure.

Launched in August 2019, Jal Jeevan Mission – Har Ghar Jal aims to provide potable water in adequate quantity and prescribed quality to every rural household through functional tap water connections. At the time of the mission’s announcement, only 30.23 million rural households, or about 17 per cent, had access to tap water. As per data reported by states and Union Territories as on December 16, 2025, around 120.53 million additional households have been covered under the mission.

This has taken the total number of rural households with tap water connections to over 15.76 crore, accounting for 81.42 per cent of the country’s 190.36 million rural households spread across nearly 5.82 lakh villages. Works for the remaining households are progressing as per saturation plans prepared by respective states and Union Territories. More than 2.69 lakh villages have already been declared ‘Har Ghar Jal’, indicating 100 per cent household tap water coverage.

Under JJM, specific provisions have been made to promote renewable energy usage, including solar-powered standalone water supply systems for scattered, isolated, tribal and hilly villages. States are encouraged to prefer solar-powered pumping arrangements for single-village schemes and adopt conjunctive use of solar energy in multi-village water supply projects.

To ensure effective implementation and monitoring, a multi-level system has been put in place, including regular reviews, capacity-building workshops, field visits by multidisciplinary teams, geo-tagging of assets and mandatory third-party inspections before payments. Recent initiatives such as village and district dashboards, decision support systems for source sustainability, institutionalisation of National WASH Experts and unique IDs for piped water systems aim to further enhance efficiency, transparency and long-term sustainability of rural water supply schemes.