The Union government has announced a Rs 400 billion (Rs 40,000 crore) corpus to support scientific mine closure and repurposing, and signed an implementation agreement with Germany's Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) to bolster technical cooperation. The initiative aims to prevent exhausted coal mines becoming long term environmental liabilities and to restore mined land for sustainable and productive use. The programme is presented as a strategic shift towards integrating environmental restoration with local economic opportunities. According to the Coal Ministry, the corpus will underwrite the safe closure, ecological restoration and productive reuse of exhausted mines rather than leaving them abandoned after extraction ends. The ministry has framed scientific mine closure as an opportunity to convert degraded land into productive assets and has earmarked 25 per cent of approved closure costs for community development, creating an investment potential of nearly Rs 100 bn over the next decade. The funding is expected to support rehabilitation, livelihood initiatives, water conservation and land repurposing for renewable energy, agriculture and tourism. The newly published AAROH annual report documents 42 scientifically closed coal mines across India, of which 33 were completed in the last year, and represents the first comprehensive national record since Independence. The report also sets a target to scientifically close 147 more mines over the next two to three years and is intended to serve as a knowledge repository that records successful practices and lessons learnt. It outlines frameworks and tools developed by the ministry, including the RECLAIM community engagement approach, the SUVIKALP digital mine repurposing platform and the A.R.T.H.A. framework for green financing and carbon management. The implementation agreement with GIZ is designed to provide technical cooperation in mine closure planning, repurposing strategies, capacity building and the adoption of international best practices. The partnership is expected to strengthen institutional capability in India and to improve the long term sustainability of mine closure projects. Officials view the collaboration as an expansion of India Germany cooperation in the mining sector.