Gurmit Singh Arora Chairman Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) “The area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through which businesses give back to the community, is also an indicator of ESG targets of organisations.” — Gurmit Singh Arora The climate change crisis and its far-reaching consequences have made clear the urgent need for standardising, measuring, and accounting for sustainability as a part of organisations and their businesses. This has led to a transformation in organisational operations and practices where now “Environment Friendly” has evolved from a mere catchphrase to a board meeting agenda. Given the necessity and significance of climate actions being taken up, universal guidelines are required to measure the impact of practices followed such that businesses can be held accountable. ESG Reporting is one of the most widely accepted sets of criteria encapsulating the accounting of environmental, social, and governance practices. ESG has become an important metric in the market – companies with good ESG performance are proven to have lower risks, higher returns, and are more resilient in times of crisis. India has introduced new reporting requirements for the top 1,000 listed companies in the country by market capitalisation. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) stipulates that the disclosure must be made through a new format, namely the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) which is mandatory from FY2022-23. Buildings and built environment, and ESG According to a report by World GBC, the built environment (capturing buildings and infrastructure) represents one of the biggest global investment opportunities of the next decade, an avenue to enhance sustainable development and human quality of life, and — if tackled correctly — reduce emissions and combat the climate crisis. Globally, the built environment is responsible for 75 per cent of GHG emissions, with the building sector on its own accounting for 37 per cent. In India, about 22 per cent of the total emissions are from the building sector, which also is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Additionally, it is estimated that about 70 per cent of the infrastructure required by our country’s urban areas by 2030 is yet to be built. Therefore, over the next two decades, the construction sector will have enormous capability and scope to inculcate sustainability. Companies and their property portfolios have the potential to play a significant role in achieving their ESG targets. Additionally, the financial impact of having resilient assets, which are as risk-free as possible has been the biggest driver for the adoption of ESG Reporting. The collateral value derived by aligning with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and world climate targets as well as the rise in social status has become a bonus outcome. ESG and IGBC Green Building Ratings One of the most universally accepted practices for inculcating environmentally friendly, low-impact and green measures in buildings and the built environment sector is to adopt an IGBC Green Building Rating. They provide a definitive framework for the inclusion of green measures and assessment of impact. It acts as a tool not only for implementation but also to assess performance and measure the value received due to its adoption. Economic impact From a stakeholder point of view, green buildings are proven to make business sense – they are energy efficient, consume less water, minimise waste, and decrease operational costs. They also tend to have higher rental values and occupancy rates than their conventional counterparts. The risks posed by climate change to property assets are significant and result in huge expenditures. The finance institutions and insurance agencies also consider the climate risks before insuring properties. It is essential that businesses be resilient and manage the risks posed. There is an ever-expanding evolution of green finance and bonds in the market, which offer special considerations to companies based on their ESG standings. Financial institutes across the globe like International Finance Corporation and Asian Development Bank, are facilitating climate-linked funds, which make investing in sustainable measures accessible. Several governing bodies in India have also offered incentives for the adoption of the IGBC green building rating. Social impact The principle of people-centric design is an integral part of green buildings, which emphasises the role the built environment plays in relation to the wellness of the occupant. Research shows that major disease transmission happens indoors as built-up pathogens cause “sick building syndrome”. This is exacerbated by overcrowded layouts, and lack of green space or access outdoors, highlighting the importance of the built environment to both public health and carbon emissions. All IGBC green rating systems inculcate the principle of occupant well-being and include safer and healthier practices that significantly enhance the quality of life of all involved. The rating criteria adhere to best practices that create improved worker conditions, strict adherence to worker safety, site practices that ensure minimal disturbance to the neighbourhood, reduced dust pollution by employing prevention measures, and proper storage and disposal of scrap and wastage. IGBC green rating systems also advocate universal design ensuring buildings cater equally well to differently-abled and senior citizens. The area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through which businesses give back to the community, is also an indicator of ESG targets of organisations. Governance impact The IGBC Membership and Certifications offered by rating bodies can add value to the governance policies of the organisations as corporations can affect change to a much greater level. With the sheer size of resources utilised by establishments – be it material, manpower or machinery – sustainability as a tenet can have an enormous impact across their supply chains. IGBC Green Ratings address national priorities such as water conservation, energy-efficiency, reduction in fossil fuel use, conserving natural resources, handling of waste, and overall improvement of quality of life. In India, the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has played a vital role in the adaptation of green and sustainability principles. Since its inception in 2001, IGBC, established by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has been spearheading the green building movement across India. IGBC is now considered the country’s premier body for certification of green and net zero buildings, with 8,250 registered projects equivalent to 8.30 billion sq ft of green building footprint in India. About the author Gurmit Singh Arora is the Chairman of the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). He heads the Rajco Group as the Managing Director and is a Founding Member and Senior Fellow of IGBC.