The domestic steel and cement industry will need an additional Rs 47 trillion investment to meet net zero targets as per a Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) report. These two sectors will need Rs 1 trillion each year in additional operational expenditure (Opex) to achieve this. The analysis reveals that an 8.25 per cent reduction in steel emissions and a 32 per cent reduction in cement emissions is possible without any price increase by adopting efficient technologies such as waste-heat recovery and energy-efficient drives and controls. Moreover, a 33 per cent reduction in combined carbon emissions of the steel and cement industries could be achieved with just 8.5 per cent of the total additional capex and 30 per cent of the additional annual Opex.