The real estate sector was already facing a huge crisis before the pandemic hit. It was battered by low sales, stagnating prices and high unsold inventory in the market. Developers were coping with a liquidity crunch on the back of lacklustre sales and reduced funding from NBFCs. The situation had started to improve, with buyers’ sentiments turning positive, aided with the government's push towards affordable housing. Hence, developers started focusing towards this segment by reducing ticket sizes and unit sizes in a bid to encourage sales. The limited recovery witnessed by the sector came to a halt when the Covid 19 pandemic struck globally and its economic impact started becoming visible. Complete business closure in the first half of the year to subdued business activity later on resulted in the sector facing huge losses in terms of demand. While real estate and construction remained the most impacted sectors in India in H1FY21, there was some buoyancy during H2FY21, with the economic activity reviving. Measures such as a reduction in the stamp duty in Maharashtra, lower interest rates, pent up demand and a halt in launches provided some relief to the real estate sector. That said, the green shoots that had started becoming visible were short lived as the second wave of the pandemic hit the nation unawares and much harder. Owing to the accelerated vaccine programme adopted by the government, it is now subsiding, and hopefully the problems inflicted by the pandemic should subside soon. While Q1FY22 is expected to be a near washout for most real estate players, the pace of sales is expected to gain traction in the remaining part of FY22, with launches by various marquee players. Increased discounts, freebies and attractive or flexible payment terms in addition to benign interest rates and regulatory measures are expected to boost sales for real estate players, albeit only H2FY22 onwards. A key role here, expectedly, is going to be played by the affordable housing space. Residential real estate has been facing challenges for some time now and is expected to see some traction going forward. With the extension of the work from home and online education culture, there is an increased need for larger homes, especially for families with working couples. Residential project sales, which had picked up towards the end Q2FY21, only to slow down in April and May 2021, is expected to witness recovery from the lower base recorded in H1FY21. While negative sentiments led to reduced discretionary spending, resulting in the postponement of buying decisions, the need for safer and bigger homes could actually result in increased demand for residential real estate. The sector is also expected to witness increased home buying from the final or end user rather than investors. Additionally, with prolonged work from home for corporate employees, some reverse migration towards tier-2 and tier-3 cities is expected, which may lead to real estate demand gaining traction in these cities. Notwithstanding the gradual increase in home loans outstanding for banks since FY17, the year over year growth rate has seen a declining trend since FY20, partially owing to a weak buyers’ sentiment due to the economic slowdown, followed by the pandemic impact. The same trend was observed in the house price index. However, concerns around weak demand and high inventory levels were offset by renewed interest in the sector from FPIs due to the low interest rate regime and expectations of a near term revival. Commercial real estate, which was performing well over the years, has come under tremendous stress during the pandemic. It has been witnessing high vacancies and the waiver of lease rentals, which is expected to continue till H1FY22 due to oversupply of office spaces, which is further compounded by numerous expired leases coming up for renewals. For the ailing commercial real estate sector, the antidote (literally) is the vaccine, and the pace at which vaccine administration is accelerated. With this, demand for commercial spaces would hopefully revive, and developers are also expected to witness demand for redesigning or re-doing spaces to meet the increased hygiene and safety related norms in the new normal. One aspect of this segment that could gain momentum is the concept of co-working spaces. This, while saving higher upfront capital expenditures and fixed costs, also results in longer lease terms with a lock-in period agreeable to both the lessor and lessee. Another sub-segment of commercial real estate, hospitality, is the worst hit; recovery, while slow, will largely depend on the resumption of tourism activities in the country, especially on the commencement of international travel. In terms of investments and fund raising in the real estate sector, foreign portfolio investors’ assets under custody increased year over year by 103% to Rs 41,476 crore in March 2021. Improving investor sentiments were reflected in declining inventories in tier-1 cities. There has been an active participation in the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) issuances, with three REITs getting listed in the last two years, and Rs 13,000 crore have been raised cumulatively. It has received a good response from investors, and more such issues are expected going forward. Given the decrease in Covid 19 cases and the overall expectation of the second wave subsiding soon, the overall macro environment is expected to remain strong, supported by stable (and improved) demand in an era of the lowest interest rates ever witnessed in India. While pent up demand has helped keep the sector afloat amid the pandemic, the launches lined up by real estate developers would actually offer the support required for providing momentum for revival. Consolidation is expected in the fragmented real estate space; the paucity of funds and pressure on margins is expected to impact or eliminate smaller players. Additionally, demand for technology-driven, bigger (safer) homes and improved preferences is likely to improve on the expectation of the ebbing of pandemic-induced shocks, which in turn, would result in a more organised sector.