The Government of India clarified that there are no ongoing discussions about privatisation of shipping and ports. The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) emphasised that all 12 major ports, which are entirely owned by the Central Government, have not been privatised. However, the government has shown openness to private sector participation through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Under these partnerships, private entities can engage in specific projects, berths, and terminals through concession agreements. These agreements involve a competitive bidding process. The terms of the agreement include a revenue-sharing or royalty arrangement.