The Ministry of Coal has significantly expanded its Mining Developers cum Operators (MDO) initiative to include 28 coal mine projects under Coal India Limited (CIL), with a combined production capacity of approximately 257 million tonnes (MT). This expansion marks a notable increase from the initially identified 15 projects with a capacity of 168 MT. To date, 18 mines have been awarded to private operators through open global tenders. These MDOs are responsible for managing the entire mining process, including excavation, extraction, and coal delivery, according to approved plans. The initiative aims to modernize operations, boost production efficiency, and reduce India's reliance on imported coal. Beyond increasing production, MDOs are also tasked with handling critical issues such as Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R), land acquisition, and obtaining environmental clearances. They will work closely with state and central pollution control boards to ensure compliance with environmental standards. Each MDO contract is set for 25 years or the mine?s lifespan, whichever is shorter. This strategic move by the Ministry of Coal is a significant step towards modernizing India's coal mining sector and enhancing the country?s energy security by ramping up domestic coal production.