India’s planned coal mining capacity nearly doubles to 638 million tonnes per annum (638 mn tpa) in 2025, reflecting a significant expansion in project portfolios and permissions across the sector. The figure marks an acceleration of planned output as authorities and state mining companies add capacity to meet domestic thermal coal demand and support industrial fuel needs. The planning estimate covers both new leases and expansions of existing mines and aligns with reported auction schedules and capacity-building programmes. Industry participants view the increase as a response to persistent demand from power generators and steelmakers, combined with policy measures to bolster domestic production. Several state entities and private developers have announced or progressed project clearances and capacity additions in recent planning cycles, while logistics and rail capacity upgrades have been prioritised to handle higher dispatches. Investment focus has emphasised mine development and equipment deployment to shorten lead times for bringing capacity online. The expansion is expected to ease coal import dependence and provide more predictable feedstock for thermal power plants, reducing exposure to international price volatility and shipping constraints. At the same time, environmental regulators and civil society groups are reported to seek stricter safeguards for land use, water management and rehabilitation of mined areas, prompting closer scrutiny of individual project approvals. Ports and rail corridors face operational pressure to scale handling and transport capacity. Looking ahead to 2025, analysts anticipate that the realisation of planned capacity will depend on timely clearances, capital mobilisation and logistical readiness, as well as market conditions that influence mine commissioning schedules. The balance between enhancing domestic coal supply and meeting climate commitments will shape policy decisions and investment flows through the remainder of the decade.