Indian Railways is accelerating the transition of its rail network away from diesel-powered locomotives by expanding the use of battery-powered engines and other green fuels. The move forms part of a broader strategy to reduce emissions, improve energy efficiency and lower dependence on fossil fuels, following the near-complete electrification of the national rail network. Officials said the initial phase will prioritise replacing diesel locomotives used for yard operations, shunting services and last-mile freight movement, where electrification is either limited or inconsistent. Battery-powered traction systems are expected to play a central role in these segments, while conventional electric locomotives will continue to handle long-distance services on fully electrified routes. Demonstration projects are already under way. Indian Railways has successfully retrofitted a 700-horsepower diesel locomotive with a lithium ferro phosphate battery system, demonstrating the feasibility of battery traction for operational use. In parallel, development work is progressing on higher-capacity propulsion platforms based on hydrogen fuel to support heavy-haul operations. Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has highlighted trials of a long, high-power hydrogen-powered train set as a signal of the government’s intent to pursue multiple clean-energy solutions for rail transport. He said the diversified approach would allow the railways to deploy the most suitable technology across different operating conditions. Pilot programmes for battery-operated and hydrogen-assisted engines began several years ago. The railways has also converted conventional passenger coaches into battery-cum-electric shunting engines capable of hauling both freight and passenger rakes at low speeds using battery power alone. These initiatives underline a gradual but steady shift towards cleaner traction technologies, while maintaining operational reliability across the rail network.